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Chenda, a percussion instrument from Kerala, India, serves as a powerful expression of the region’s rich cultural heritage. Known for its vibrant and resonant sound, the Chenda is integral to temple festivals and rituals. The journey of learning this instrument is steeped in tradition, with specific methods that have been refined over generations. In this blog, we will explore the traditional learning methods essential for mastering Chenda, emphasizing the importance of devotion, dedication, and the enduring guru-shishya relationship.
Understanding Chenda
The Chenda is a cylindrical drum, typically crafted from jackfruit wood, and produces a distinctive sound by striking its surface with sticks. It is often used in various celebrations, symbolizing joy and reverence in Kerala's cultural landscape.
Variants of Chenda
Chenda comes in two primary variants:
Uruttu Chenda: Also called as Idam Thala (Left Side Of Chenda) Used primarily in melam, a traditional ensemble of instruments that includes various percussion and wind instruments. The top layer of this uruttu chenda is made with one layer skin which is tightened after multiple rounds of usage to give a sharp sound.
Veekam Chenda: Also called as Valam Thalam (Right Side Of Chenda) employed to play thaalam, which is crucial for maintaining rhythm in performances. The bottom layer of this chenda is made with 5 layers of skin which gives the bass sound for thaalam.
Understanding these variants is essential for any Chenda student, as it informs their approach to learning and performance.
Importance of Understanding Other Instruments
For students learning Chenda, it is crucial to be aware of the other instruments used in a melam, such as:
Kombu: A traditional horn (Sushira Vaadhyam) that adds depth and melody to performances.
Kurum Kuzhal: A type of wind instrument (Sushira Vaadhyam) that complements the rhythmic elements of Chenda. This vaadhyam plays with Sapthaswarams
Ilathaalam: A metallic percussion (Ghana Vaadhyam) instrument that provides the foundational rhythm.
Kurum Kuzhal Kombu Ilathaalam
Benefits of Instrument Knowledge:
Knowing about these vaadhyams (instruments) helps students:
Contextual Awareness: Understanding which instruments are played when and why enhances their ability to participate in ensemble settings.
Collaboration: This knowledge fosters better communication and collaboration with fellow musicians, enriching the overall performance.
Cultural Appreciation: Recognizing the role of each instrument deepens the student’s appreciation for the complexity of traditional music.
The Path to Mastery: Starting Lessons
For beginners, the journey of learning Chenda begins with foundational exercises that require patience and dedication. The initial lessons often include:
Ganapathy Kai and Saadhakam: The 36 Letters ganapathy kai with 8 Thaalam is a fundamental exercises that introduce students to the rhythms and techniques essential for playing.
Basic Rhythms: Students learn foundational patterns such as Tha Ki Tta, Tha Ri Ki Da, and Thakitta Thakitta ThaKa. Mastery of these rhythms requires significant practice and dedication.
Key Components of Learning:
Kai Mara (Wrist Movement): Students develop fluid wrist movements, crucial for producing varied sounds and maintaining rhythm.
Khanam (Force): Understanding the right amount of force to apply ensures powerful and controlled beats.
Kaalam (Speed): Developing speed is essential for playing complex patterns, requiring consistent practice and gradual progression.
Understanding Thaalam: Students learn about the concept of thaalam, which dictates the timing and structure of rhythms, providing a framework for performance.
Traditional Learning Methods
1. Guru-Shishya Parampara
The foundation of Chenda education is the Guru-Shishya Parampara, a revered mentor-disciple relationship. This system emphasizes a close bond between the guru (teacher) and the shishya (student), ensuring personalized and effective learning.
Personalized Instruction: The guru tailors lessons to the individual needs of the student, addressing strengths and areas for improvement. A student should always understand the teachings and mission of their guru .
Holistic Growth: Beyond technical skills, the guru imparts spiritual and philosophical teachings, nurturing the student’s overall development.
Long-Term Commitment: Students often dedicate years to learning under a guru, fostering a relationship that transcends mere education. This also builds a strong connect to understand and learn from a guru on what the art form is.
Right Path To Student: A Guru always knows what a student needs and their improvements area. Every guru will have a plan for their student and every student should believe in their guru for the right time decided by their Guru to showcase a good result.
2. Group Learning
Chenda is typically taught in group settings, especially during community events or festivals, promoting a collaborative learning environment.
Collective Rhythm: Playing in groups helps students synchronize their rhythms and develop a keen sense of timing, essential for ensemble performances.
Peer Learning: Students benefit from shared experiences and insights, enriching their understanding and technique.
Performance Opportunities: Group practice culminates in live performances, allowing students to apply their skills in dynamic settings based on their initial learnings and developments.
3. Oral Tradition
Learning Chenda relies heavily on oral tradition, which emphasizes listening and imitation.
Rhythm Memorization: Students memorize various rhythms (known as vaaythaari) and compositions through attentive listening, developing strong auditory skills crucial for mastering the instrument.
Absence of Notation: The lack of written notation requires students to rely on their memory and ability to replicate complex patterns.
Cultural Context: Oral transmission ensures the preservation of the cultural and historical significance of each piece.
4. Practical Exposure
Hands-on experience is vital in mastering the Chenda, incorporating various forms of practical exposure.
Live Performances: Participation in festivals and cultural events allows students to play alongside experienced drummers, reinforcing their skills. The participation to this needs years of practice on the basic lessons and thaalam concepts.
Role in Rituals: Understanding the Chenda's significance in rituals fosters respect and responsibility in students.
Feedback Mechanism: Playing in public settings provides immediate feedback, helping refine techniques in a supportive environment.
5. Physical Training with Puli Mutti and Stone
An essential aspect of learning Chenda involves the use of puli mutti (a wooden stick) and stone, which are crucial for improving hand movements.
Technique Development: Practicing with these tools helps students enhance their wrist movements (kai mara), force (khanam), and speed (kaalam), foundational skills for effective drumming.
Muscle Memory: Repeated practice with puli mutti and stone builds muscle memory, allowing students to execute complex rhythms with ease.
Coordination and Control: This practice sharpens hand-eye coordination and strengthens the fingers, essential for mastering the instrument. The True Spirit of Learning
A dedicated Chenda student should embody certain qualities:
Devotion: A genuine passion for music and cultural heritage.
Dedication: A commitment to practice regularly and diligently.
Respect: An appreciation for the art form, its history, and the role of the guru.
Patience: The ability to endure challenges and understand that mastery takes time.
Hard Work: A willingness to put in the effort required to refine skills and achieve proficiency.
Embracing Versatility:
A true student of Chenda should not limit themselves to focusing solely on one instrument. Rather than sticking to a single vaadhyam and saying, "I am only doing this," a devoted student should strive to perform all instruments when needed. This versatility enriches their musical experience and enhances their ability to contribute to various ensembles and performances.
The traditional methods of learning Chenda represent a rich tapestry of cultural heritage, personal dedication, and community engagement. By honoring these methods, students not only master an instrument but also connect deeply with the cultural significance of their art.
Embarking on the journey to learn Chenda is not just about mastering rhythms; it’s about cultivating a lifelong relationship with music and tradition. For those willing to invest their heart and soul into this beautiful art form, the rewards are profound, resonating far beyond the beats of the drum. Whether you are an aspiring drummer or a cultural enthusiast, the journey into Chenda learning promises to be enriching and transformative, fostering a deep connection to Kerala's vibrant rhythms and heritage. Written By Kalavadhyam Dheeraj Edat